of a God of wrath, which is superseded by the New Testament depiction of God as inexhaustible love. Conservatives err by using this verse as a basis for double predestination, whereas it actually indicates God’s bypassing of Esau and his election of Jacob for a special role in salvation history.16 In the Hellenistic conception of God, which entered into the speculation of both Catholic and Protestant theologians, God does not punish anyone. He allows us to be punished by our own sins. This approach
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